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The ControversialStir

In January 1998, former Attorney General Morales stirred upcontroversy in the gaming industry by publishing his opinion DM-466 regarding the legality of gaming machines, namely “eight-liners.” Morales’sstated that there are three major components that make eight-liners illegal:

1. They operate on the basis of chance.

2. They require the payment of consideration toplay.

3. They offer a prize, either coupons redeemablefor gift certificates or, in some cases, cash.

In his opinion, Morales mentions that stripped of the“amusement” amendment the gaming devices would be considered illegal in a courtof law. Since the release of the opinion opponents of gaming have used it as atool to define their stance.

What AreEight-Liners?

Eight-Liners” have become the epicenter of the controversy.They require the player to deposit money into the machine to receive gamingcredits. The players then activate the machine by pressing a button or pullingan arm. The gaming screen contains eight lines- three across, three down, andtwo diagonals- on which players can win. Players usually push a button or otherdevice to convert credits into tickets or other tokens which are then tradedfor something of value such as a certificate, lottery tickets, etc.

The Facts

In a Focus Report published by the Texas House ofRepresentatives’ House of Research Organization, the organization states thefollowing:

“Chapter47 of the Penal Code explicitly prohibits gambling-device versions of bingo,keno, blackjack, lottery, roulette, and video poker.. it also defines illegalgambling devices as electronic, electromechanical, or mechanical contrivancesthat, for a price, allow players an opportunity to obtain anything of value,with the prize awarded solely or partially by chance, even though some skillmay be necessary. Owning a gambling device is a Class A misdemeanor, punishableby a $4,000 fine, one year in prison, or both. “

However, in 1993 and 1995, amendments were made to the PenalCode that legalized “amusement” machines. These are described as electronicgames that offer low-value prizes not to exceed $5 or 10 times the cost ofplaying the game once, whichever is less.

You may be asking yourself, “what about the lottery?” Theanswer is, only the state lottery, charity-sponsored bingo, and charitableraffles have been specifically authorized by constitutional amendments.

Article 3,Section 47 of the Constitution states…

Sec.47. LOTTERIES AND GIFT ENTERPRISES;BINGO GAMES. (a) The Legislature shall pass laws prohibitinglotteries and gift enterprises in this State other than those authorized bySubsections (b), (d), (d-1), and (e) of this section.

Toaccess the full Article, click here.

Who Has the Authorityto Take Action?

State agencies that regulate lottery sales, bingo, andalcoholic-beverage licenses, such as The Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission(TABC) have the authority to regulate and take action for any illegal gamblingactivity.

The Great Debate

Prior to the attorney general’s opinion being published, lawenforcement found it challenging to crack down on anti-gaming laws because thestatutes were far too complex and the law contained many, many gray areas. Thelimited resources for departments also pushed the topic onto a back burner inorder to address other criminal issues. Since most gambling offenses aremisdemeanors offenders are most likely to risk criminal prosecution in returnfor high profits.

Proponents of the gaming industry argue that the attorneygeneral misinterpreted the constitution. They state that eight-liners are beingjudged on how they look rather than how they function. One of the majorproponents include The Amusement and Music Operators of Texas (AMOT)- a tradeassociation consisting of 250 members who own and operate coin machines. AMOTsays the attorney general’s opinion could cause a demise to all gaming- notjust eight-liners. Others argue that eight-liners require skill and shouldtherefore be safe-guarded to stay within the legal realm of gaming. In fact,the focus report mentions Mike Macke’s testimony before the Governor’s TaskForce on Illegal Gambling. Mike is the president of Cadillac Jack, Inc., amachine manufacturer. In his testimony, he says that the machines have a buttonthat must be pushed to complete a play of the game and that using this buttonis a matter of skill.

Critics, on the other hand, argue that the attorneygeneral’s opinion should be taken as concrete legal advice and should becarefully considered by the courts involving civil and criminal cases in thegambling industry. Since the release of the AG’s opinion many opponents haveflourished by using DM-466as a basis for their argument and thus picked up pace to fight their position. Infact, the Governor’s Task Force has since recommended amending the Penal Codeto prohibit all slot machines.

Civil lawsuits involving illegal gaming have been difficultto interpret. Many are pending, some have resulted in temporary restraining andseizures, and some have been dismissed. The limited history of illegal gamblingincrimination statutes isn’t much help either. Criminal prosecutions have alsobeen few and far between.

For more information on the Focus Report click here.

Citations

Morales, Dan, JorgeVega, Sarah Shirley, and Rick Gilpin. 'Morales Opinion No. DM-466.' Morales Opinion No. DM-466.Texas Attorney General, 23 Jan. 1998. Web. 26 Aug. 2016.

'THE TEXASCONSTITUTION ARTICLE 3. LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.'THE TEXAS CONSTITUTIONARTICLE 3. LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. The Texas Constitution, n.d. Web. 26Aug. 2016.

Research Organization.'A Fuzzy Issue: Are Eight-Liners Amusement or Gambling?' Texas History. UNT, 2 Feb.1999. Web. 26 Aug. 2016.

And with a strict rule against gambling, let's learn more about the casinos in Dubai, shall we?Is Gambling Legal in Dubai?This version of Vegas neither has casinos for legalized gambling exercises nor can you bet on horses at racecourses. You will find a lot of illegal bets going around the race tracks but going in on these activities isn't advisable. Uae dirhams online casinos.

Introduction to North Carolina Slot Machine Casino Gambling in 2020

North Carolina slot machine casino gambling consists of two tribal casinos in the Great Smoky Mountains in the western tip of the state.

Tribal-state gaming compacts in North Carolina have established theoretical minimum and maximum payout for their video gaming machines while return statistics are not publicly available.

This post continues my weekly State-By-State Slot Machine Casino Gambling Series, an online resource dedicated to guiding slot machine casino gambler to success. Now in its third year, each weekly post reviews slots gambling in a single U.S. state, territory, or federal district.

Keep Reading … or Watch Instead!

Antique Slot Machine For Sale

Or … Listen Instead!

Relevant Legal Statutes on Gambling in North Carolina*

The minimum legal gambling age in North Carolina depends upon the gambling activity:

Land-Based Casinos: 21
Poker Rooms: 21
Bingo: 18
Lottery: 18
Pari-Mutuel Wagering: Not available

Video poker machines were once widespread in the state, but 2000’s state regulations limited video poker machines to three per site and banned the installation of new video gaming machines.

In 2007, after nearly a half dozen attempts, the state legislature fully banned commercially-owned video poker machines and video gaming machines.

North Carolina has a single federally-recognized American Indian tribe, the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. The tribe has built two casinos on its Qualla Boundary lands located in the Great Smoky Mountains.

The type of casino action found at these Indian casinos includes “skill or dexterity” based video slot machines. These tribal casinos offer a variety of table games.

Although owned by the tribe, operation of both casinos is by Harrah’s which, itself, is a brand for Caesars Entertainment. The tribe owns and operates a high-stakes bingo hall.

*The purpose of this section is to inform the public of state gambling laws and how the laws might apply to various forms of gaming. It is not legal advice.

Slot Machine Private Ownership in North Carolina

It is legal to own a slot machine privately in the state of North Carolina if it is 25 years old or older.

Gaming Control Board in North Carolina

Because North Carolina has no commercial casinos or other types of commercial gaming, the state does not have a gaming commission or control board.

Casinos in North Carolina

There are two American Indian tribal casinos in North Carolina. Harrahs casino new jersey online. These two casinos are in the Great Smoky Mountains in the western part of the state.

The largest casino in North Carolina is Harrah’s Cherokee Casino Resort with 3,280 gaming machines.

The second-largest, and only other casino in North Carolina, is Harrah’s Cherokee Valley River Casino & Hotel with 1,000 gaming machines.

Commercial Casinos in North Carolina

There are no commercial casinos in North Carolina.

Tribal Casinos in North Carolina

The two tribal casinos in North Carolina are:

Harrah’s Cherokee Casino Resort in Whittier found 50 miles west of Asheville.
Harrah’s Cherokee Valley River Casino & Hotel in Murphy found 109 miles southwest of Asheville.

Other Gambling Establishments

As an alternative to enjoying North Carolina slot machine casino gambling, consider exploring casino options in a nearby state. Bordering North Carolina is:

North: Virginia Slots
East: The Atlantic Ocean
South: Georgia Slots and South Carolina Slots
West: Tennessee Slots

Each of the links above will take you to my blog for that neighboring U.S. state to North Carolina.

Our North Carolina Slots Facebook Group

Are you interested in sharing and learning with other slots enthusiasts in North Carolina? If so, join our new North Carolina slots community on Facebook. All you’ll need is a Facebook profile to join this closed Facebook Group freely.

There, you’ll be able to privately share your slots experiences as well as chat with players about slots gambling in North Carolina. Join us!

Payout Returns in North Carolina

The theoretical minimum and maximum payouts set by the tribal-state gaming compact is 83% and 98%.

The tribal casinos in North Carolina, per the same compact, are not required to provide publicly available return statistics.

Summary of North Carolina Slot Machine Casino Gambling in 2020

North Carolina slot machine casino gambling consists of two tribal casinos in the western tip of the state. While owned by the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, Caesars Entertainment operates both tribal casinos.

Further, both tribal casinos have theoretical payout limits of 83% and 98% but do not offer return statistics. Finally, North Carolina’s slot machines must be video games of skill or dexterity.

Annual Progress in North Carolina Slot Machine Casino Gambling

In the last year, there has been no change in the slots gaming industry in North Carolina, excepting disruptions due to our ongoing national crisis.

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